Black Box Testing -
Black box testing is a software testing technique that focuses on testing the functionality of a software system without having knowledge of the internal code or structure. It is called "black box" testing because the tester does not have access to the inner workings of the software and can only observe its inputs and outputs, like a black box.
Imagine a game console like a PlayStation or Xbox. You can't see what's inside the console, but you can still play games on it. Black box testing is like playing a game on a console without knowing how the console works.
Imagine you have a smartphone with a screen that sometimes freezes when you're using a certain app. A black box tester would test the app without knowing anything about how the phone's hardware or software works. They would just try to use the app and see if the screen freezes, and try to figure out what's causing the problem.
An example of black box testing would be testing a website's search functionality. The tester would input different search queries and observe the results, without having access to the code that powers the search engine. They would be looking for things like whether the search results are relevant to the query, how quickly the results are returned, and whether the search functionality is easy to use.
Gray Box Testing -
This technique involves testing a software system's functionality with partial knowledge of the internal workings of the system. It's like testing a mobile app's login functionality knowing some of the code that handles user authentication, but not all of it.
Imagine you have a friend who's building a website for their small business, and they ask you to test it. They give you a login and password, and you notice that the login page takes a long time to load. A gray box tester would have access to some of the website's internal workings, like the code that handles the login page. They would use this partial knowledge to try to figure out why the login page is slow to load.
White Box Testing-
It involves testing a software system's internal workings, such as the code and structure of the system. It's like being able to see the inside of a white box and checking how the system works at a deeper level.
Imagine you're taking a computer science class and learning how to program. Your teacher gives you a program that sorts a list of numbers, and asks you to test it. A white box tester would be able to look at the code that implements the sorting algorithm and check if it's correct and efficient, and test it with different input values to make sure it produces the expected results.